The advent of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors has transformed the management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and associated choroidal neovascularization (CNV). In turn, knowledge gained from the study of these agents in AMD has led to promising treatments for other ophthalmic diseases having a vascular component. This issue of The Ophthalmology Report: Advances in Retinal Science & Therapeutics describes recent clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy and safety of anti-VEGF therapy of exudative AMD, the therapeutic options available when VEGF inhibition fails, studies of VEGF Trap-Eye, and the scheduling of maintenance anti-VEGF therapy. The articles within are based upon presentations delivered during the fourth Joint Meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and the Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology, held October 24–27, 2009, in San Francisco, California. The articles in this issue, written from the academic perspective of physicians in training at leading medical institutions, summarize the import of these new findings and place them into clinical context.